Neem (Azadirachta Indica)

• Native to India and Myanmar, Neem has been cultivated for over 4,000 years for its medicinal and pest-control properties. It's considered sacred in Hindu culture.
• Fast-growing evergreen tree reaching 15-20 metres with a dense, rounded canopy of compound leaves. Produces clusters of small white flowers followed by yellow-green fruits.
• Highly drought-tolerant once established and naturally resistant to most pests and diseases. Thrives in poor soils where other trees struggle.
• Valued for its natural pesticide compounds, particularly azadirachtin, which makes it useful for organic gardening. The oil extracted from seeds is a popular natural insecticide.

• Water deeply once or twice weekly during establishment, then monthly once mature. Check soil moisture 5cm down before watering.
• Position in full sun for best growth and flowering. Tolerates partial shade but may grow more slowly.
• Plant in well-draining soil, tolerates clay, sand, and poor soils. Avoid waterlogged areas.
• Feed with balanced fertiliser in spring and autumn. Established trees rarely need fertilising.
• Prune in winter to shape and remove dead branches. Can be pruned heavily to maintain size.
• Mulch around base to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Keep mulch away from trunk.
• Protect from frost when young. Once established, tolerates light frosts but may suffer damage below -2°C.

• Provide full sun to partial shade for optimal growth and flowering. Morning sun with afternoon protection works well in hot Australian climates.
• Water deeply but infrequently once established, allowing soil to dry between waterings. Young trees need regular watering for the first year.
• Maintain moderate humidity around the plant through mulching. Neem tolerates dry conditions but benefits from consistent moisture.
• Plant after frost risk passes in spring. Protect young trees from strong winds and frost in cooler regions.
• Prune in late winter to maintain shape and remove dead wood. Regular pruning encourages bushy growth.

• Scale insects may attach to branches and leaves, causing yellowing foliage. Remove with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap treatments.
• Leaf spot diseases can develop in humid conditions with poor air circulation. Ensure proper spacing and avoid overhead watering.
• Root rot occurs from overwatering or poor drainage in heavy soils. Improve soil drainage and reduce watering frequency.
• Aphids occasionally cluster on new growth during spring. Spray off with water or use neem oil solution.